Canadian Military History Gateway

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										Soldiers, Warriors and Leaders
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Date > 1800 > 1820-1829 > 1823

Subject > Soldiers, Warriors and Leaders

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Title: Canada within the Empire - Fortifying Canada. 1815-1837

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Description: The United States and Great Britain signed the Rush-Bagot Treaty in 1817 and peace settled between Canada and United States. Despite this agreement, both sides remained wary and built defensive installations to facilitate the transport of troops and supplies in preparation for possible future disputes.

Site: Canadian War Museum

Title: Recruitment

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Description: Most of the British army was recruited in Great Britain. By the mid-19th century, half of the men were English or Welsh, one third Irish and the remainder Scottish. Recruits were (in theory) volunteers signed up by a regimental recruiting party, and service was for life (until 1847).

Site: National Defence

Title: Records of the 4th International Colloquy on Military History (Ottawa ...

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Description: Introduction by W.A.B. Douglas, Director Directorate of History, Program Chairman. Articles in a variety of languages including: English, German, French, Italian, Portugese, Spanish, Russian, Greek.

Site: National Defence

Title: British iron guns mounted on iron carriages, circa 1815

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Description: Iron carriages were introduced in the British artillery in 1810. They were to be placed 'in such parts of fortifications as are least exposed to the enemy's fire' as it was feared they would shatter if hit by enemy artillery. The examples seen in this photograph are found at the Fortifications of Quebec National Historic Site.

Site: National Defence

Title: Still a Viable Institution

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Description: In Lower Canada during the 1820s, the militia was still respected as an institution by the Francophone majority. Training consisted mostly of shooting contests, but these were taken seriously. Importantly, the institution was not split along social lines as happened in Upper Canada.

Site: National Defence

Title: A Series of Amerindian Nations

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Description: During the eighteenth century, the northwest Pacific coast was home to a series of Amerindian nations, including the Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian, Nootka and Salish. These were maritime cultures - excellent sailors and fishermen who depended on the sea's resources

Site: National Defence

Title: Americans at Advantage

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Description: After 1815, the trend to fighting in a more European fashion in North America favoured the United States over Britain. The huge American population could produce vast numbers of militia and volunteers, and these would be most useful in a war fought out in the open.

Site: National Defence

Title: British 'India Pattern' musket, 1797-1839

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Description: The 'India Pattern' was an economy version of the earlier 'Short Land' pattern muzzle-loading smoothbore flintlock musket. During the 1790s, the British colonial army in India was increasing rapidly in size, and the new pattern of musket was created as a relatively inexpensive of arming these men. As the French Revolutionary Wars dragged on, the India pattern was adopted for all new production in 1797. These weapons found their way to every continent. The British infantry used them until the late 1830s. The Canadian militia did not replace these weapons until the mid-1850s. (Parks Canada)

Site: National Defence

Title: Social Changes

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Description: The new British way of defending colonies led to great social changes in Canada during the late 18th century. With no professional colonial army to join, the elite of Canadian society lost much income and influence. As well, British soldiers developed no roots in the colony.

Site: National Defence

Title: Annual Review of the Upper Canadian Militia

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Description: During the first half of the 19th century, all able-bodied men in Upper Canada (with some exceptions) had to be part of the Sedentary Militia. Because attention was now concentrated on the small volunteer units, the training sessions for the majority became a sort of grand picnic or circus.

Site: National Defence

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