Canadian Military History Gateway

Subject > Weapons, Equipment and Fortifications

Title: The troop transport vessel Orentes leaving Quebec City on 11 November ...

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Description: HMS Orontes was built as a steam-propelled troop-ship in 1862 by Liverpool shipbuilder Cammell Laird. This engraving from the 'Canadian Illustrated News' of 9 December 1871 shows the vessel departing from Quebec carrying the final Imperial garrison of Quebec. (Library and Archives Canada, C-056624)

Site: National Defence

Title: Fort Lennox, 1896

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Description: Because it is situated on the island of Île-aux-Noix, Fort Lennox has changed very little from the time of its construction, which started in 1819. The fort was built in reaction to the construction of American Fort Montgomery, 15 kilometres to the south. This view shows Fort Lennox as it appeared in 1896. After its regular garrison was withdrawn in the late 1860s, the fort was used as a training camp, a school, and detention camp during both world wars. It is now restored to its appearance in the 1820s and 1830s as a National Historic Site. (Library and Archives Canada, C-036685)

Site: National Defence

Title: An Expedition To Establish Canadian Control

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Description: To take back control of Manitoba from the Métis, the Canadian government organized an expedition in 1870. Two battalions of Canadian militia accompanied a battalion of British regulars west in an impressive cross-country journey. Riel and his supporters fled before the troops arrived.

Site: National Defence

Title: Chapter 1 - In the Beginning - Communications and Electronics Branch

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Description: This resource provides a history of the development of military communications technology in Canada from a very basic state in 1867 to the advent of telephone and early wireless prior to the First World War.

Site: National Defence

Title: Barracks

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Description: The British garrison in Canada lived almost exclusively in barracks during the 18th and 19th centuries, unlike troops during the earlier French regime. This made British troops a somewhat isolated society within the colony as a whole. The authorities felt that this improved discipline.

Site: National Defence

Title: British Army folding iron barrack bed

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Description: This type of bed gradually replaced wooden double bunks from 1824. Every day, the bed was folded and the mattress rolled up for inspection. Army Circular Memorandum of 12 June 1860.

Site: National Defence

Title: Withdrawal of British Troops from Canada

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Description: In 1871, the last British troops left Canada, apart from a regiment guarding the Royal Navy's base at Halifax. Until the last moment, Canadian politicians refused to believe what was happening. Finally, faced with no alternative, they created the first regular units of the Canadian army.

Site: National Defence

Title: The Infantryman's Weapons: His Rifle

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Description: During the period from Confederation to the First World War, the infantryman's rifle had undergone a series of transformations including barrel rifling, breech loading, metal cartridges, smokeless powder, and clip magazines.

Site: National Defence

Title: Seldom Seen Guardians

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Description: The Royal Navy was crucial in the defence of British North America in the 19th century, even though Canadians seldom saw warships. The threat of a naval blockade and raids by the British fleet helped American politicians to find diplomatic solutions to Anglo-American disputes.

Site: National Defence

Title: Officer and gunners, Royal Regiment of Artillery, 1889

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Description: Royal Artillery detachments continued to be posted in Halifax until 1905 to serve the large coast defence guns which protected the naval base.

Site: National Defence

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