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1860: Soldiers, Warriors and Leaders (101)1861: Soldiers, Warriors and Leaders (102)1862: Soldiers, Warriors and Leaders (104)1863: Soldiers, Warriors and Leaders (105)1864: Soldiers, Warriors and Leaders (111)1865: Soldiers, Warriors and Leaders (114)1866: Soldiers, Warriors and Leaders (115)1867: Soldiers, Warriors and Leaders (115)1868: Soldiers, Warriors and Leaders (112)1869: Soldiers, Warriors and Leaders (114)Soldiers, Warriors and Leaders
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1860: Strategy and Tactics (10)1861: Strategy and Tactics (11)1862: Strategy and Tactics (12)1863: Strategy and Tactics (11)1864: Strategy and Tactics (12)1865: Strategy and Tactics (11)1866: Strategy and Tactics (11)1867: Strategy and Tactics (7)1868: Strategy and Tactics (8)1869: Strategy and Tactics (8)Strategy and Tactics
1860: Weapons, Equipment and Fortifications (61)1861: Weapons, Equipment and Fortifications (65)1862: Weapons, Equipment and Fortifications (60)1863: Weapons, Equipment and Fortifications (58)1864: Weapons, Equipment and Fortifications (61)1865: Weapons, Equipment and Fortifications (64)1866: Weapons, Equipment and Fortifications (62)1867: Weapons, Equipment and Fortifications (59)1868: Weapons, Equipment and Fortifications (50)1869: Weapons, Equipment and Fortifications (49)Weapons, Equipment and Fortifications
 
 

Date > 1800 > 1860-1869 > 1865

Subject > Weapons, Equipment and Fortifications

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Title: British iron guns mounted on iron carriages, circa 1815
 
Type: Image
Online Reference Books
Description: Iron carriages were introduced in the British artillery in 1810. They were to be placed 'in such parts of fortifications as are least exposed to the enemy's fire' as it was feared they would shatter if hit by enemy artillery. The examples seen in this photograph are found at the Fortifications of Quebec National Historic Site.
Site: National Defence
 
Title: A Revolution in Artillery
 
Type: Document
Online Reference Books
Description: Between 1858 and 1870, artillery developed from cast-iron muzzle-loading smoothbore guns (firing solid shot) to steel-barrelled breech-loading rifled guns (firing explosive shells). The new weapons fired faster, at longer ranges, with more accuracy, and did more damage.
Site: National Defence
 
Title: Fort Lennox, 1896
 
Type: Image
Online Reference Books
Description: Because it is situated on the island of Île-aux-Noix, Fort Lennox has changed very little from the time of its construction, which started in 1819. The fort was built in reaction to the construction of American Fort Montgomery, 15 kilometres to the south. This view shows Fort Lennox as it appeared in 1896. After its regular garrison was withdrawn in the late 1860s, the fort was used as a training camp, a school, and detention camp during both world wars. It is now restored to its appearance in the 1820s and 1830s as a National Historic Site. (Library and Archives Canada, C-036685)
Site: National Defence
 
Title: The Fenians
 
Type: Document
Online Reference Books
Description: The end of the American Civil War in 1865 brought a new military problem. There were 10,000 Irish-American veterans who belonged to the Fenians, a well-armed Irish secret society that wanted revenge against Britain. The Fenians planned to invade Canada.
Site: National Defence
 
Title: Barracks
 
Type: Document
Online Reference Books
Description: The British garrison in Canada lived almost exclusively in barracks during the 18th and 19th centuries, unlike troops during the earlier French regime. This made British troops a somewhat isolated society within the colony as a whole. The authorities felt that this improved discipline.
Site: National Defence
 
Title: British Army folding iron barrack bed
 
Type: Image
Online Reference Books
Description: This type of bed gradually replaced wooden double bunks from 1824. Every day, the bed was folded and the mattress rolled up for inspection. Army Circular Memorandum of 12 June 1860.
Site: National Defence
 
Title: From Smoothbore Musket to Breechloading Rifle
 
Type: Document
Online Reference Books
Description: The musket was the infantry soldier's main firearm. Starting in the 1830s, the weapon was improved by a series of inventions. By the 1860s, muskets were more reliable, fired faster, more accurately, and at a longer range. This was part of a general revolution in military technology.
Site: National Defence
 
Title: Weapons
 
Type: Document
Online Reference Books
Description: This section illustrates a selection of firearms and bladed weapons used by British and Canadian military units during the 18th and 19th centuries.
Site: National Defence
 
Title: The Infantryman's Weapons: His Rifle
 
Type: Document
Online Reference Books
Description: During the period from Confederation to the First World War, the infantryman's rifle had undergone a series of transformations including barrel rifling, breech loading, metal cartridges, smokeless powder, and clip magazines.
Site: National Defence
 
Title: Infantry Tactics Transformed
 
Type: Document
Online Reference Books
Description: The new infantry weapons developed in the 1850s and 1860s changed the way battles were fought. Attacking an opponent whose infantry was armed with modern weapons became a very bloody affair.
Site: National Defence
 
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