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1770: Soldiers, Warriors and Leaders (72)1771: Soldiers, Warriors and Leaders (72)1772: Soldiers, Warriors and Leaders (72)1773: Soldiers, Warriors and Leaders (71)1774: Soldiers, Warriors and Leaders (74)1775: Soldiers, Warriors and Leaders (96)1776: Soldiers, Warriors and Leaders (92)1777: Soldiers, Warriors and Leaders (80)1778: Soldiers, Warriors and Leaders (84)1779: Soldiers, Warriors and Leaders (81)Soldiers, Warriors and Leaders
1770: Wars, Battles and Conflicts (67)1771: Wars, Battles and Conflicts (67)1772: Wars, Battles and Conflicts (67)1773: Wars, Battles and Conflicts (66)1774: Wars, Battles and Conflicts (72)1775: Wars, Battles and Conflicts (97)1776: Wars, Battles and Conflicts (89)1777: Wars, Battles and Conflicts (78)1778: Wars, Battles and Conflicts (79)1779: Wars, Battles and Conflicts (75)Wars, Battles and Conflicts
1770: Armed Forces (57)1771: Armed Forces (57)1772: Armed Forces (57)1773: Armed Forces (56)1774: Armed Forces (58)1775: Armed Forces (70)1776: Armed Forces (72)1777: Armed Forces (65)1778: Armed Forces (66)1779: Armed Forces (62)Armed Forces
1770: Strategy and Tactics (9)1771: Strategy and Tactics (9)1772: Strategy and Tactics (9)1773: Strategy and Tactics (9)1774: Strategy and Tactics (11)1775: Strategy and Tactics (18)1776: Strategy and Tactics (8)1777: Strategy and Tactics (9)1778: Strategy and Tactics (11)1779: Strategy and Tactics (12)Strategy and Tactics
1770: Weapons, Equipment and Fortifications (34)1771: Weapons, Equipment and Fortifications (34)1772: Weapons, Equipment and Fortifications (34)1773: Weapons, Equipment and Fortifications (34)1774: Weapons, Equipment and Fortifications (36)1775: Weapons, Equipment and Fortifications (49)1776: Weapons, Equipment and Fortifications (43)1777: Weapons, Equipment and Fortifications (41)1778: Weapons, Equipment and Fortifications (41)1779: Weapons, Equipment and Fortifications (41)Weapons, Equipment and Fortifications
 
 

Date > 1700 > 1770-1779 > 1778

Subject > Weapons, Equipment and Fortifications

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Title: Fort Prince of Wales
 
Type: Image
Online Reference Books
Description: This aerial view shows Fort Prince of Wales, just across the Churchill river from present-day Churchill, Manitoba. Its construction began in 1717. The fort was taken without a fight by a French expedition to Hudson Bay in 1782. It was said to be the only sizeable bastioned stone fort on the Arctic Ocean. Its walls were restored in the 1950s. (Parks Canada)
Site: National Defence
 
Title: Barracks
 
Type: Document
Online Reference Books
Description: The British garrison in Canada lived almost exclusively in barracks during the 18th and 19th centuries, unlike troops during the earlier French regime. This made British troops a somewhat isolated society within the colony as a whole. The authorities felt that this improved discipline.
Site: National Defence
 
Title: Weapons
 
Type: Document
Online Reference Books
Description: This section illustrates a selection of firearms and bladed weapons used by British and Canadian military units during the 18th and 19th centuries.
Site: National Defence
 
Title: Fears of French Fleets
 
Type: Document
Online Reference Books
Description: France's 1778 entry into the American Revolutionary War spread fear in several places. The Maritimes worried about a French fleet disrupting shipping in the Gulf of St. Lawrence or attacking Newfoundland. In Quebec, officials worried about Canadian reaction to a French landing.
Site: National Defence
 
Title: Fort Chambly
 
Type: Image
Online Reference Books
Description: The third fort on this site, construction began on Fort Chambly in 1709. It was made of stone and looked rather like a castle. This made it different from the low-lying, bastioned fortresses of Europe. The fort was built to be impressive and all but impregnable to Indian enemies and raiding American colonials. The fort wall facing the Richelieu River was pierced for artillery. During the War of 1812, Fort Chambly was the HQ for British and Canadian troops guarding the area south of Montreal against an advance by American armies. The complex fell into ruins during the 19th century. Its walls were stabilized in 1885 when it was made a Canadian government historic park. Recognized as a unique surviving example of military architecture, Fort Chambly was given a major restoration in the 1980s by Parks Canada. This returned the fort to its appearance of the mid-18th century.
Site: National Defence
 
Title: Ships of Cook's expedition at Nootka in 1778
 
Type: Image
Online Reference Books
Description: This engraving is based on a drawing by John Webber, the official artist of Captain Cook's third Pacific voyage of 1776-1779. HMS Resolution and HMS Discovery are shown anchored in Ship Cove off Nootka Sound. The expedition paused there in April 1778 for a refit. A series of astronomical observations were made from a temporary observatory on shore. The tents and instruments of the observatory can be seen at left. Several Nootka dugouts can be seen, filled with locals observing the visitors. (Parks Canada)
Site: National Defence
 
Title: The Board of Ordnance - a Separate Fiefdom
 
Type: Document
Online Reference Books
Description: In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Board of Ordnance was a separate government department. It supplied weapons and ammunition to the army and Royal Navy, and built fortifications and all other military buildings. It was also responsible for the Royal Artillery and the Royal Engineers.
Site: National Defence
 
Title: 'Cat of nine tails' whip
 
Type: Image
Online Reference Books
Description: The 'cat of nine tails' was a whip used to flog soldiers. This one was used in the British 83rd Regiment of Foot. The length of the wooden stick was 43cm (1' 5"), its tails 53cm (1' 9"), and it weighed 141,75 g. (5 ounces). (Library of the Canadian Department of National Defence)
Site: National Defence
 
Title: The Crossing
 
Type: Document
Online Reference Books
Description: British troops crossing the Atlantic during the 18th and 19th centuries were never comfortable. Transports were very crowded, with men sleeping 4 to a bunk. If bad weather prevented exercise on deck, epidemics were a real possibility. By sail, the trip took 2 or 3 months.
Site: National Defence
 
Title: A Very Mixed Organization
 
Type: Document
Online Reference Books
Description: Before 1854, the British army was governed by a complex series of overlapping bodies. Horse Guards (army headquarters) controlled most troops, but the civil Treasury ministry handled supplies, transportation and (in Canada) barracks through the Commissariat Department.
Site: National Defence
 
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