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Subject > Wars, Battles and Conflicts > Early History to 1603

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Title: Warring Nations - War Among the Six Nations - When the World Began
 
Type: Document
Description: An outline of ancient Native Indian practices during times of war between various tribes . Part of television series entitled "Canada: A People's History." Includes links to educational resources, bibliography, games, puzzles, and video clips.
Site: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
 
Title: War and the Foundation of Canada - Collision of Cultures
 
Type: Document
Description: As early as 1000 CE, encounters between Europeans and First Peoples often led to violence.
Site: Canadian War Museum
 
Title: Viking Weaponry
 
Type: Document
Online Reference Books
Description: Viking warriors provided their own arms and equipment. Spears and shields were common, while armour and swords were highly prized.
Site: National Defence
 
Title: English sailor, 1570s
 
Type: Image
Description: A fur cap and baggy breeches were characteristic items of clothing of English sailors during the late 16th century.
Site: National Defence
 
Title: The European Failure
 
Type: Document
Online Reference Books
Description: Unlike the Spanish Central America, Europeans were unable to successfully colonize North America in the 16th Century. Amerindian guerrilla tactics combined with a cold and hostile land to frustrate the newcomers. Nevertheless, North America became a theatre of war for European conflicts.
Site: National Defence
 
Title: Viking Expansion Westward
 
Type: Document
Online Reference Books
Description: The Viking attempt to settle in North America was part of a westward drive from Scandinavia that had already settled Iceland and Greenland.
Site: National Defence
 
Title: Jacques Cartier takes possession of Canada for France, 1534
 
Type: Image
Online Reference Books
Description: Cartier points to the arms of France on the cross during a ceremony taking possession of Canada for France. Men-at-arms were with the early explorers. Print after Louis-Charles Bombled.
Site: National Defence
 
Title: Harquebusier, 16th century
 
Type: Image
Description: Portable firearms such as the one used by this harquebusier became common in European armies during the 16th century even though they were complicated to handle and slow to fire. Pikemen, crossbowmen, archers and swordsmen continued to be present on battlefields in the old as well as the new world.
Site: National Defence
 
Title: Attempts at Colonizing Vinland
 
Type: Document
Online Reference Books
Description: A Viking colony led by Karlsefni was soon abandoned after conflict with the Skraelings
Site: National Defence
 
Title: A view of a Viking settlement in America
 
Type: Image
Online Reference Books
Description: This view was conceived during the 1930s by historical artist Fergus Kyle (1876-1941). Although we now know that Viking helmets did not have horns, as shown here and in countless other images in popular art, most of the other details shown give a relatively realistic impression of what such a settlement might look like. The Vikings also could build timber houses as well as ones made of earth.
Site: National Defence
 
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